Assessing the Dual Innovation Capability of National Innovation System: Empirical Evidence from 65 Countries

Open innovation has drawn significant attention over the years, and there is a growing body of literature that highlights importance considering this phenomenon at national level. Less appreciated, however, radiative capability systems (NIS) linking inbound outbound processes. We provide measurement dual (DIC) NISs based on process-oriented concepts by using multi-indicator approach, which provides more comprehensive picture sectoral compared to currently used metrics. To assess DIC NISs, composite weighting method was obtain score our selection 65 countries. The results show spatio-temporal evolution from 2010 2018 explore interactions among sub-elements within framework. countries were grouped into 4 categories sub-dimension scores, we provided 3 possible paths can be chosen improve DIC. index powerful tool enrich research systems, guide positioning, optimize policies.